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片断：inthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorupfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA).B),C)andD).YOushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondinglellerontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Whathasthetelephonedonetous,orforus,inthehundredyearsofitsexistence?Afeweffectssuggestthemselvesatonce.lthassavedlivesbygettingrapidwordofillness,injury,orfirefromremoteplaces.Byjoiningwiththeelevatortomakepossiblethemulti-storyresidenceorofficebuilding,ithasmadepossible--forbetterorworse--themoderncity.Bybringingaboutagreatleapinthespeedandeasewithwhichinformationmovesfromplacetoplace,ithasgreatlyacceleratedtherateofscientificandtechnologicalchangesandgrowthinindustry.BeyonddoubtithasseriousIyweakenedifnotkilledtheancientartofletterwriting.Ithasmadelivingalonepossibleforpersonswithnormalsocialimpulses,bysodoing,ithasplayedaroleinoneofthegreatestsocialchangesofthiscentury,thebreakupofthemulti-generationalhousehold.lthasmadethewarchillinglymoreefficientthanformerly.Perhaps,thoughnotprovably(可证实),ithaspreventedwarsthatmighthavearisenoutofinternationalmisunderstandingcausedbywrittencommunication.Orperhaps--againnotprovabIy--bymagnifyingandextendingirrationalpersonalconflictsbasedonvoicecontact,ithascausedwars.Certainlyithasextendedthescopeofhumancont1icts,sinceitimpartiallydisseminates(传播)theusefulknowIedgeofscientistsandthenonsenseoftheignorant,theaffectionoftheaffectionateandthemalice(恶意)ofthemalicious.2l.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A)Thetelephonehashelpedtosavepeoplefromillnessandfire.B)Thetelephonehashelpedtopreventwarsandconflicts.C)Thetelephonehasmadethemoderncityneitherbetternorworse.D)Thetelephonehashadpositiveaswellasnegativeeffectsonus.22.Accordingtothepassage,itisthetelephonethatA)hasmadeletterwritinganartB)haspreventedwarsbyavoidingwrittencommunicationC)hasmadetheworlddifferentfromwhatitwasD)hascausedwarsbymagnifyingandextendinghumanconflicts23.Thetelephonehasintensitiedconflictsamongpeoplebecause____.A)itincreasesthedangerofwarB)itprovidesservicestoboththegoodandthemaliciousC)itmakesdistantcommunicationeasierD)itbreaksupthemulti-generationalhousehold24.Theauthordescribesthetelephoneasimpartialbecauseit_____.A)saveslivesofpeopleinremoteplacesB)enablespeopletolivealoneiftheywanttoC)spreadsbothloveandillwillD)replacesmuchwrittencommunication25.Thewriter'sattitudetowardstheuseofthetelephoneis_____.A)affectionateC)approvingB)disapprovingD)neutralPassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:TOsaythatthechildlearnsbyimitationandthatthewaytoteachistosetagoodexampleoversimplifies.Nochildimitateseveryactionhesees.Sometimes,theexampletheparentwantshimtofollowisignoredwhilehetakesovercontrarypatternsfromsomeotherexample.Thereforewemustturntoamoresubtletheorythan"Monkeysee,monkeydo."Lookatitfromthechild'spointofview.Hereheisinanewsituation.lackingareadyresponse.HeisseekingaresponsewhichwiIlgaincertainends.lfhelacksareadyresponseforthesituation,andcannotreasonoutwhattodo,heobservesamodelwhoseemsabletogettherightresult.Thechildlooksforanauthorityorexpertwhocanshowwhattodo.Thereisasecondelementatworkinthissituation.Thechildmaybeabletoattainhisimmediategoalonlytofindthathismethodbringscriticismfrompeoplewhoobservehim.Whenshoutingacrossthehouseachieveshisimmediateendofdeliveringamessage,heistoldemphaticallythatsucharacket(叫嚷)isunpleasant,thatheshouldwalkintothenextroomandsayhissayquietly.Thus,thedesiretosolveanyobjectivesituationisoverIaidwiththedesiretosolveitproperly.Oneoftheearlythingsthechildlearnsisthathegetsmoreaffectionandapprovalwhenhisparentslikehisresponse.Thenotheradultsrewardsomeactionsandcriticizeothers.IfoneistomaintainthesupportofothersandhisownseItLrespect,hemustadoptresponseshissocialgroupapproves.Infindingtrialresponses,thelearnerdoesnotchoosemodelsatrandom.Heimitatesthepersonwhoseemsagoodpersontobelike,ratherthanapersonwhosesocialstatushewishestoavoid.lfthepupilwantstobeagoodviolinist,hewilIobserveandtrytocopythetechniquesofcapableplayers;whilesomeotherpersonmaymostint1uencehisapproachtobooks.