| 内容试读 | 2021年全国硕士研究生招生考试 英语（二） （科目代码：204） ☆考生注意事项☆ 1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。 2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。 3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。 4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。 5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。 Section ⅠUse of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) It’s not difficult to set targets for staff. It is much harder, 1 , to understand their negative consequences. Most work-related behaviours have multiple components. 2 one and the others become distorted. Travel on a London bus and you’ll 3 see how this works with drivers. Watch people get on and show their tickets. Are they carefully inspected Never. Do people get on without paying Of course! Are there inspectors to 4 that people have paid Possibly, but very few. And people who run for the bus They are 5 . How about jumping lights Buses do so almost as frequently as cyclists.lt;p-> 2021年全国硕士研究生招生考试lt;br /-> 英语（二）lt;br /-> （科目代码：204）lt;br /-> ☆考生注意事项☆lt;br /-> 1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。lt;br /-> 2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。lt;br /-> 3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。lt;br /-> 4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。lt;br /-> 5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。lt;br /-> Section ⅠUse of Englishlt;br /-> Directions:lt;br /-> Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)lt;br /-> It’s not difficult to set targets for staff. It is much harder, 1 , to understand their negative consequences. Most work-related behaviours have multiple components. 2 one and the others become distorted.lt;br /-> Travel on a London bus and you’ll 3 see how this works with drivers. Watch people get on and show their tickets. Are they carefully inspected Never. Do people get on without paying Of course! Are there inspectors to 4 that people have paid Possibly, but very few. And people who run for the bus They are 5 . How about jumping lights Buses do so almost as frequently as cyclists.lt;br /-> Why Because the target is 6 . People complained that buses were late and infrequent. 7 , the number of buses and bus lanes were increased, and drivers were 8 or punished according to the time they took. And drivers hit their targets. But they 9 hit cyclists. If the target was changed to 10 , you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing. If the criterion changed to safety, you would get more 11 drivers who obeyed traffic laws. But both these criteria would be at the expense of time.lt;br /-> There is another 12 : people become immensely inventive in hitting targets. Have you 13 that you can leave on a flight an hour late but still arrive on time Tailwinds Of course not! Airlines have simply changed the time a 14 is meant to take. A one-hour flight is now billed as a two-hour flight.lt;br /-> The 15 of the story is simple. Most jobs are multidimensional, with multiple criteria. Choose one criterion and you may well 16 others. Everything can be done faster and made cheaper, but there is a 17 . Setting targets can and does have unforeseen negative consequences.lt;br /-> This is not an argument against target-setting. But it is an argument for exploring consequences first. All good targets should have multiple criteria 18 critical factors such as time, money, quality and customer feedback. The trick is not to 19 just one or even two dimensions of the objective, but also to understand how to help people better 20 the objective.lt;br /-> 1. [A] therefore [B] again [C] moreover [D] howeverlt;br /-> 2. [A] Identify [B] Assess [C] Emphasize [D] Explainlt;br /-> 3. [A] curiously [B] quickly [C] eagerly [D] nearlylt;br /-> 4. [A] check [B] prove [C] recall [D] claimlt;br /-> 5. [A] threatened [B] mockedlt;br /-> [C] ignored [D] blamedlt;br /-> 6. [A] hospitality [B] competitionlt;br /-> [C] punctuality [D] innovationlt;br /-> 7. [A] Yet [B] Besides [C] Still [D] Solt;br /-> 8. [A] rewarded [B] trained [C] grouped [D] hiredlt;br /-> 9. [A] rather [B] also [C] once [D] onlylt;br /-> 10. [A] comfort [B] efficiency [C] security [D] revenuelt;br /-> 11. [A] cautious [B] quiet [C] diligent [D] friendlylt;br /-> 12. [A] purpose [B] prejudice [C] policy [D] problemlt;br /-> 13. [A] revealed [B] noticed [C] admitted [D] reportedlt;br /-> 14. [A] break [B] departure [C] transfer [D] triplt;br /-> 15. [A] moral [B] background [C] style [D] formlt;br /-> 16. [A] sacrifice [B] criticize [C] tolerate [D] interpretlt;br /-> 17. [A] secret [B] cost [C] product [D] tasklt;br /-> 18. [A] relating to [B] calling forlt;br /-> [C] accounting for [D] leading tolt;br /-> 19. [A] predict [B] restore [C] specify [D] createlt;br /-> 20. [A] review [B] achieve [C] present [D] modifylt;br /-> Section ⅡReading Comprehensionlt;br /-> Part Alt;br /-> Directions:lt;br /-> Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)lt;br /-> Text 1lt;br /-> “Reskilling” is something that sounds like a buzzword but is actually a requirement if we plan to have a future in which a lot of would-be workers do not get left behind. We know we are moving into a period where the jobs in demand will change rapidly, as will the requirements of the jobs that remain. Research by the World Economic Forum finds that on average 42 per cent of the “core skills” within job roles will change by 2022. That is a very short timeline.lt;br /-> The question of who should pay for reskilling is a thorny one. For individual companies, the temptation is always to let go of workers whose skills are no longer in demand and replace them with those whose skills are. That does not always happen. ATamp;T is often given as the gold standard of a company that decided to do a massive reskilling program rather than go with a fire-and-hire strategy. Other companies had also pledged to create their own plans. When the skills mismatch is in the broader economy, though, the focus usually turns to government to handle. Efforts in Canada and elsewhere have been arguably languid at best, and have given us a situation where we frequently hear of employers begging for workers, even at times and in regions where unemployment is high.lt;br /-> With the pandemic, unemployment is very high indeed. In February, at 3.5 per cent and 5.5 per cent respectively, unemployment rates in Canada and the United States were at generational lows and worker shortages were everywhere. As of May, those rates had spiked up to 13.3 per cent and 13.7 per cent, and although many worker shortages had disappeared, not all had done so. In the medical field, to take an obvious example, the pandemic meant that there were still clear shortages of doctors, nurses and other medical personnel.lt;br /-> Of course, it is not like you can take an unemployed waiter and train him to be a doctor in a few weeks. But even if you cannot close that gap, maybe you can close others, and doing so would be to the benefit of all concerned. That seems to be the case in Sweden: When forced to furlough 90 per cent of their cabin staff, Scandinavian Airlines decided to start up a short retraining program that reskilled the laid-off workers to support hospital staff. The effort was a collective one and involved other companies as well as a Swedish university.lt;br /-> 21. Research by the World Economic Forum suggests .lt;br /-> [A] a controversy about the “core skills”lt;br /-> [B] an increase in full-time employmentlt;br /-> [C] an urgent demand for new job skillslt;br /-> [D] a steady growth of job opportunitieslt;br /-> 22. ATamp;T is cited to show .lt;br /-> [A] an immediate need for government supportlt;br /-> [B] an alternative to the fire-and-hire strategylt;br /-> [C] the characteristics of reskilling programslt;br /-> [D] the importance of staff appraisal standardslt;br /-> 23. Efforts to resolve the skills mismatch in Canada .lt;br /-> [A] have appeared to be insufficientlt;br /-> [B] have driven up labour costslt;br /-> [C] have proved to be inconsistentlt;br /-> [D] have met with fierce oppositionlt;br /-> 24. We can learn from Paragraph 3 that there was .lt;br /-> [A] a sign of economic recoverylt;br /-> [B] a call for policy adjustmentlt;br /-> [C] a change in hiring practiceslt;br /-> [D] a lack of medical workerslt;br /-> 25. Scandinavian Airlines decided to .lt;br /-> [A] create job vacancies for the unemployedlt;br /-> [B] retrain their cabin staff for better serviceslt;br /-> [C] prepare their laid-off workers for other jobslt;br /-> [D] finance their staff’s college educationlt;br /-> Text 2lt;br /-> With the global population predicted to hit close to 10 billion by 2050, and forecasts that agricultural production in some regions will need to nearly double to keep pace, food security is increasingly making headlines. In the UK, it has become a big talking point recently too, for a rather particular reason: Brexit.lt;br /-> Brexit is seen by some aslt;/p->显示全部信息 |